PROGRAMS OF STUDY AND COURSE DESCRIPTIONS
Courses A-C | Courses E-F | Courses H-J | Courses M-P | Courses R-Y

Economics Education English
Entrepreneurship Finance French
 

ECONOMICS (ECO) 

Major: Stern College
ECO 1011, 1021, 1101, 1201 (or 1221); STA 1021; 15 additional credits in ECO courses. FIN 1408 and up to 6 additional credits in courses in the Sy Syms School may count toward the major. Students planning graduate study in economics are advised to take ECO 1421 and MATH 1412, 1413.

Minor: Stern College
18 credits including ECO 1011, 1021.  STA 1021 may count toward minor.

1001 Survey of Economics. 3 credits.
The economics of the American economy; rudiments of supply and demand; the role of private markets and government policy as related to big business and competition, Social Security, poverty, education, taxation, unemployment, and inflation; monetary and fiscal policies; the global economy; the development of economic ideas.

Students who take ECO 1011 and then decide to major in Economics should seek departmental guidance. 

1011  Introductory Macroeconomics. 3 credits.
Introduction to the role of the price system in various economic systems; rudiments of supply and demand, theory and applications; role of government in the modern capitalist economy; national income accounting and theory; monetary and fiscal policy; public debt; inflation, unemployment, foreign exchange rates. 

1021 Introductory Microeconomics. 3 credits.
Elementary theory of demand and the firm; consumer behavior; market structure, input theory, distribution of income, theory and policy; balance of payments, international trade. 

1101 Intermediate Microeconomics. 3 credits.
Application of indifference curve analysis to private decision making and public policy issues; consumer choice; production and cost; economic efficiency under perfect and imperfect competition; input market, game theory, public goods, and externalities.
Prerequisite: ECO 1021. 

1170 Contemporary Microeconomic Issues. 3 credits.
Use of economic tools to explore issues of public policy and private decision making. Topics vary by term but may include: uncertainty and information in economics, crime, government regulation of business, education, charity, immigration, contracts, discrimination, medical care, transportation, congestion, geographic location, income distribution.
Prerequisite: ECO 1021. 

1201 Intermediate Macroeconomics. 3 credits.
National income accounting, national income determination models, consumption functions, investment theory, business cycle theory, stabilization policy, LM-IS-BP analysis, aggregate demand and aggregate supply analysis, rational expectations theory, economic growth and development theories.
Prerequisite: ECO 1011. 

1221 Money and Banking. 3 credits.
Nature of money, organization and functioning of the commercial banking system, description of financial markets and financial institutions, hedging instruments, Federal Reserve System and financial intermediaries, national income determination models, inflation, LM-IS-BP analysis, role of money in international finance.
Prerequisite: ECO 1011. 

1301 History of Economic Thought. 3 credits.
Ancient and medieval economic thought, mercantilists and physiocrats, classical and neoclassical schools, institutional school, Keynesian economics.
Prerequisite: ECO 1021. 

1421 Econometrics. 3 credits.
The application of regression techniques to the problem of testing and forecasting in economics. The two-variable regression model is fully developed; analysis is extended to consider the multivariate model, functional form issues, dummy variables, and distribution lag models. Covers problems associated with autocorrelation; system models.
Prerequisite: ECO 1011, STA 1021. 

1501 Public Finance. 3 credits.
Role of government in the economy; review of microeconomics; public expenditure analysis; externalities and public goods; public choice; cost-benefit analysis; income redistribution and anti-poverty programs; economics of social insurance and Social Security; economics of health insurance, Medicaid, Medicare, and comprehensive reform; principles of taxation; economics of excise taxes; efficiency and equity; economics of the U.S. personal and corporate income tax system; tax reform proposals; consumption taxes (sales tax, value added tax, and flat tax); wealth taxes; economics of deficit finance and the government debt.
Prerequisite: ECO 1011, 1021. 

1701 International Economics. 3 credits.
The theory of international trade, international finance, commercial policy, balance of payments, the foreign exchange market, competitiveness in the global economy, international macroeconomics, and foreign direct investment. Emphasis is placed on the determinants and effects of international linkages, including the roles of consumers, firms, and government policies, in the context of the international economic environment.
Prerequisite: ECO 1011, 1021. 

2005 Economics of the Law. 3 credits.
The relationship of legal institutions and laws to economic efficiency and social goals, such as justice; economics of property rights, environmental control, administrative processes, contracts, and liability; public utility and antitrust regulation; individual rights and discrimination.
Prerequisite: ECO 1011. 

2201 Labor Economics. 3 credits.
Labor's place in the American economy; factors affecting supply and demand for labor; wage determination; unionism as a response to labor problems; industrial relations; public policy toward labor; worker alienation; history of working conditions.
Prerequisite: ECO 1021. 

(2330 Economics of Energy) 

2401 Industrial Organization. 3 credits.
The application of microeconomic theory to industrial markets. Among areas considered are structure of the American economy, motivation of the firm, identification and measurement of monopoly power, oligopolistic behavior, patents, concentration, and government regulation.
Prerequisite: ECO 1011, 1021. 

2531 Health Economics. 3 credits.
Application of economic tools and concepts to the analysis of the health-care field. Effects of health-care on health, hospital behavior, health work-force supply, demand for health care. Role of demographic changes in health care system. Methodology employed by economists to determine the economic losses suffered in cases involving death and disability. Emphasis on the United States and its current situation. Comparison with other countries.
Prerequisite: ECO 1011, 1021. 

2701 Managerial Economics. 3 credits.
Analysis of the firm’s decisions regarding prices, output and input, advertising, etc., under various market conditions; applications to production, financial, and marketing operations. Attention given to the formulation of economic models to analyze management problems.
Prerequisite: ECO 1011, 1021. 

3006 Economics and Ethical Issues. 3 credits.
Comparison of the economic efficiency and Jewish law approaches to business ethics, advertising and promotional activities, business pricing policies, labor relations, fair competition, government regulation of the economy, social welfare, speculation. 

3501 Economics of the Middle East. 3 credits.
Economic growth of Israel until the Yom Kippur War; stagnancy and inflation since 1974; new economic policies since 1985; Middle East oil, OPEC, and the economies of Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Jordan, and Syria.
Prerequisite: ECO 1011. 

(3511 The Economy of Israel.) 

4901, 4902 Independent Study.
See Academic Information and Policies section.

EDUCATION (EDU) 

Majors in Education may choose from two tracks, Elementary (Childhood) Education (grades 1-6) and Early Childhood (birth-grade 2). Each track leads to Initial Teacher Certification in New York State. In addition to specific course and fieldwork requirements for certification, students attend 2-hour seminars on the identification and reporting of child abuse and school violence, and must meet minimum proficiency standards on the New York State Teacher Certification Test Battery (LAST and ATS-W). 

During spring semester of the sophomore year, students apply for formal admission to the teacher education programs.  Prospective education majors must demonstrate the intellectual, communication, and interpersonal skills that are necessary for success as a teacher.  The following specific requirements are required for admission to either the Early Childhood Education or Elementary Education Program: 

1. Successful completion of Psych 1010 with a minimum grade of C+ and EDU 2130, Foundations of Early Childhood Education or EDU 2300, Introduction to Elementary (Childhood) Education, with a minimum grade of B-.

2. Submission of an essay stating personal aims and aspirations as a teacher.

3. Recommendation of instructor of either Foundations of Early Childhood Education or Introduction to Elementary (Childhood) Education.

4. Successful interview with a member of the Education faculty other than the instructors of the courses in #3 above.

5. Successful completion of ENG 1100, Composition & Rhetoric, and, if required, regular attendance at the Writing Center.

Elementary (Childhood) Education Program

Requirements for the Major:
PSYC 1010, PSYC 1110, EDU 2300 – For majors, successful completion of these three courses and admission to the Education Program are prerequisites for the following courses:

EDU 1210, 2301, 2302, 2303, 2304, 2305, 2307, 2930, 2940, 4003 or 4004 or 4061, EDU elective, MATH 3810. 

Early Childhood Education Program

Requirements for the Major:
PSYC 1010, PSYC 1110, EDU 2130, – For majors, successful completion of these three courses and admission to the Education Program are prerequisites for the following courses:

EDU 1210, 2133 & 2133L, 2134 & 2134L, 2138 & 2138L, 2303, 2890, 2935, 2945, 4003 or 4004 or 4061, EDU elective; MATH 3810.

1210 Educational Psychology. 3 credits.  (Same as PSYC 3400.)
Introduction to theories and applications of principles of learning, motivation, and measurement to education. Student-centered and teacher-directed approaches to instruction, theories of intelligence, exceptionality, accommodating instruction to meet individual learners’ needs, creativity, models of cooperative learning, and the uses of technology to facilitate learning are investigated.
Prerequisites: PSYC 1010, PSYC 1110. 

2130 Foundations of Early Childhood Education. 2 credits.
Introduction to early childhood education (birth-grade 2). Study of physical, social, emotional, cognitive, and aesthetic development in young children.  Developmentally appropriate practices, classroom management and guidance, parent involvement, assessment, and reporting. Approaches to learning including behaviorist, maturationist, constructivist, brain-based learning, and the Project Approach. Adapting instruction for learners with diverse needs. Case studies, problem-solving, role playing, team research, and hands-on activities are among the learning strategies incorporated into this interactive course. 

2130L Fieldwork with Young Children. 1 credit.
Field experience in an early childhood classroom to accompany EDU 2130. Observation and active participation one morning (2 hrs.) each week.
Corequisite  : EDU 2130. 

2133 Language and Literacy in Early Childhood Education I. 2 credits.
n examination of language acquisition and early literacy development.  Topics include emergent literacy, balanced literacy, methods of organizing literature-based reading/writing programs, strategies for supporting creative writing, and Hebrew as a second language.  Strategies for adapting instruction to meet the needs of diverse learners.
Prerequisite: EDU 2130, Corequisite  EDU 2133L

2133L Language and Literacy in Early Childhood I: Fieldwork. 1 credit.
Field experience in teaching reading and writing with children in an early childhood classroom to accompany EDU 2131. Students observe and actively participate in instruction one morning (2 hrs.) each week.  Supervision by classroom teacher and course instructor.
Corequisite : EDU 2133.

2134 Language and Literacy in Early Childhood II.  2 credits.
Developmental reading instruction for grades 1 and 2.  Focus on aspects of literacy, linking theory with practice.  Materials and strategies for teaching work analysis, vocabulary development and comprehension skills, and connecting reading and writing.  Formal and informal approaches to assessing children’s learning.
Corequisite : EDU 2134L.

2134L Language and Literacy in Early Childhood II: Fieldwork. 1 credit.
Experience in teaching reading and writing in first and second grade.  Intensive work with individual children and small groups in a public school 2 hrs. per week.  Supervision by classroom teacher and course instructor.
Corequisite : EDU 2134.

2138 The Integrated Curriculum: Mathematics and Science in Early Childhood Education.  2 credits.
This course examines basic principles underlying the development and planning of the integration of mathematics, science, and technology in the early childhood curriculum.  Through discussion, workshops, small group work, and use of manipulatives, students explore number operation, patterns, geometry, and measurement.  The process of observing, classifying, and comparing is used to demonstrate the scientific process.
Prerequisites: EDU 2130; MAT 3810, Corequisite: EDU 2138L

2138L Mathematics and Science in Early Childhood Fieldwork. 1 credit
Experience with children in an early childhood classroom to accompany EDU 2138.  Students observe and actively participate in a classroom one morning (2 hrs.) each week.  Supervision by classroom teacher and course instructor.
Corequisite  : EDU 2138 

2300 Introduction to Elementary (Childhood) Education.  3 credits.
A survey of learning, teaching, and schooling for children (grades 1-6) from historical, philosophical, sociological, and cross-cultural perspectives.  Analysis of conceptions of teachers, schools, and learners based on students’ own experiences as learners and as represented in fiction, visual art, and films. Eight hours of field observations in learning settings.  Required of all prospective Elementary Education majors. 

2301 Language and Literacy in Elementary (Childhood) Education I. 3 credits.
Exploration of theoretical models and empirical studies related to the sequential development of language acquisition and literacy.  Instructional strategies and classroom environments facilitating success in listening, speaking, reading, and writing. The role of literature in the development of literacy.  Formal and informal assessments of learning.  Instructional issues and methods for teaching English- language learners.  Exposure to methods of reading/writing remediation and enrichment for special populations.  Students perform 12 hrs. of fieldwork in classrooms (grades 1-6) incorporating NYS English Language Arts Standards and Balanced Literacy components. 

2302 Language and Literacy in Elementary (Childhood) Education II. 3 credits.
Continuation of EDU 2301.  Study and analysis of the linguistic and educational contexts of literacy.  Instructional strategies, components, and classroom environments that facilitate success within the language arts (listening, speaking, reading, and writing) in grades 1-6.  The use of fiction and nonfiction trade books and the design of integrated curricula.  Teaching literacy to English- language learners and special populations for remediation and enrichment.  Formal and informal assessments.  Internet applications as a resource in literacy instruction.  Students perform 12 hrs. of supervised fieldwork in elementary school settings.

2303 Teaching Social Studies (1-6). 3 credits.
Concepts, methods, and strategies for teaching social studies according to the NYS Learning Standards at the elementary level. Approaches to thematic and interdisciplinary curriculum planning, multicultural education, research, geography, fieldtrips, and current events with diverse student populations.  Technological applications, guest speakers, and 4-6 additional hrs. of fieldwork in classrooms and cultural institutions. 

2304 Mathematics Methods and Curriculum for Elementary Teachers. 3 credits.
Strategies for mathematics instruction and classroom activities with diverse student groups.  Exploration of current issues and trends in mathematics education, including the role of technology.  Applications to language arts, social studies, science, and the arts.  Students perform 4-6 additional hours of fieldwork.
Prerequisite: MAT 3810.   

2305 Fieldwork and Seminar in Language Arts and Mathematics (grades 1-6).  3 credits.
Supervised one-on-one and small group instructional contact 3 hrs. per week.  Placements include a high-need school.  A weekly discussion seminar addresses issues relating to the field experience, including mathematics and literacy methodology, observation techniques, classroom management, student diversity, and assessment. Students begin preparing professional portfolios documenting their development as teachers. Substance abuse, child abuse, and school violence prevention workshops included. 

2307 Teaching Science in Elementary Schools. 3 credits.
Basic concepts in contemporary science curricula. Examination of the NYS Learning Standards in Science for grades 1-6.  Instructional techniques, materials, hands-on activities, technological applications, and curriculum design for diverse student populations.  Students perform 8 hrs. of fieldwork in local schools. 

2890 The Arts in Early Childhood and Elementary Education. 3 credits.
A survey of concepts and methods for infusing classrooms with arts-based learning experiences.  Analysis of the role of the arts in human experience and in promoting creative thinking. Students participate in music, dance, theater, and visual art activities and discuss how to adapt these experiences for children.  Uses of the arts in therapy, special education, and multicultural education.  Sessions at the Yeshiva University Museum and field observations at local schools. 

2930 Senior Seminar in Elementary Education. 3 credits.
For elementary education student teachers.  Analysis of the student teaching experience.  Promoting children’s motivation to learn, classroom management strategies, student diversity, working with parents and school personnel, trends in educational reform, and sources for professional development, including Internet resources.  Students create a professional portfolio documenting their development as teachers over the course of the program. Corequisite  : EDU 2940. 

2935 Senior Seminar in Early Childhood Education. 3 credits.
In-depth reflection and critical analysis of student teaching experience. Skills for career planning.  Substance abuse, child abuse, and school violence workshops are included.
Corequisite  : EDU 2945. 

2940 Elementary/Childhood Student Teaching.  6 credits.
Full-time student teaching under the supervision of a certified teacher and a faculty supervisor.  Students plan and implement whole class instruction.  The first half of the semester is spent in a classroom in grades 1-3 and the second half is in grades 4-6.
Corequisite : EDU 2930. 

2945 Early Childhood Student Teaching.  6 credits.
Full-time, active involvement in two early-childhood classrooms (preK-K and grades 1-2).  Students plan and implement developmentally appropriate lessons.  A minimum of 300 clock hours of satisfactory service under the supervision of the classroom teacher and faculty supervisor.
Corequisite : EDU 2935. 

3020 Assessment of Students in the Classroom. 3 credits.
Pupil assessment: rubrics, goals, procedures, interpretation.  Performance assessments, portfolios, formal and informal tests, conferences and other strategies. 

4003 Education of Exceptional Children. 3 credits.
Introduction to the education of children with special developmental and learning needs; concepts of cognitive modifiability; survey of prevailing and preferred educational practices for children significantly handicapped by physical, sensory, neurological, intellectual, and affective problems. Workshop on assistive technology and field observations in a self-contained special-education facility.
Prerequisite: either PSYC 1010, a minimum of 6 credits in EDU or permission of the instructor. 

4004 Evaluation for the Exceptional Child. 3 credits.
Emphasis on the educator's role as observer and evaluator of status and change in school behavior and achievement; concepts of process and product; normative and criterion measures of perceptual, motor, cognitive, and social-affective performance; application to the Individual Education Program required by Public Law 94-142. Field experience in a special-education setting.
Prerequisite: a minimum of 6 credits in EDU or permission of the instructor. 

4025 Problems in Special Education. 3 credits
This course will address problems of definition, diagnosis and questionable therapies in special education. Topics include ADHD, Asperger's Syndrome, Vision Therapy and Reading Disabilities. Students will learn to recognize these problems and research them.

4061 Special Education Methods: Applied Behavioral Analysis. 3 credits.
A comprehensive and critical presentation of the theory, research, and the methodology of Applied Behavior Analysis, with emphasis on its application to children with special needs for improving learning, attention, and social behavior.  Field observations in a special education facility. 

4210 Curriculum Analysis and Adaptation.  3 credits.
An introduction to the complexities of teachers’ involvement in curricular issues.  Methods of curriculum analysis and adaptation applied to investigations of prepared curricula and the design of curriculum materials.  Students conduct an in-depth field-based study in a curriculum area of their choice.  

4300 Instructional Technology. 3 credits.
Instructional applications of technology to improve teaching and to meet  diverse learning needs of students with and without disabilities.  Skills for using computers and other audio-visual technology are developed through hands-on experience with the technology and through fieldwork in schools. 

4901, 4902 Independent Study.
See Academic Information and Policies section. 

ENGLISH (ENG) 

Major: Stern College
English Literature Track.  6 credits from ENG 2003, 2004, 2005; 4960, 4970, and 21 credits of ENG electives, 15 of which must be in literature. 

English Communications Track — one of four options —  Advertising, Public Relations, Journalism, and Creative Writing — which are interdisciplinary in nature and stress critical writing skills along with training in various media.  Stern College offerings in these areas may be supplemented by courses in marketing offered by Sy Syms School and by courses offered at Fashion Institute of Technology.  It is strongly recommended that all English Communications students complete at least one internship.  See departmental major sheet for additional information.

Minor: Stern College
6 credits from ENG 2003, 2004, 2005, 2611, 2612 and 9 additional ENG credits. 

ENG 1100 is a prerequisite for all higher-numbered ENG courses. See course schedule for additional course prerequisites. 

0011 English as a Second Language (ESL). 3 credits.
Written and spoken English, including examination of the nature of the language. First-semester students who are not native speakers must take a placement examination to enter ENG 1100; otherwise, they are automatically placed into ESL. Based on the instructor’s evaluation, each ESL student continues ESL until she is ready to begin ENG 1100. Students are graded P (Pass) or N (No credit).  This course may be repeated for credit. 

0014 Writing Center. Conferences. No credits.
Offers assessment, guidance, instruction and support to students who want to enhance their ability to communicate ideas, opinions and information. Students may seek assistance on their own, may be referred by an instructor in any subject, or may be required to attend based on a writing-sample evaluation. 

1100 Composition and Rhetoric.  3 hours of lecture plus conferences. 3 credits.
Introduction to literary analysis and the writing of expository prose, including the theory and practice of paragraphing and sentence structure as tools for communicating ideas; short themes, and a research paper.
Prerequisite for International students: ENG 0011. 

1311 Technical Writing and Editing. 3 credits. 

1407 Advanced Exposition. 3 credits. 

1408 Writing Women’s Lives. 3 credits.
A seminar in memoir writing, developing narrative techniques that convey how the self is reinvented and refined through experience.  Topics include the self and its roots, the self and community, growth and coming of age. 

1601 Print Journalism. 3 credits. 

1610 Feature Writing. 3 credits. 

1641 Broadcast Journalism. 3 credits. 

1721; 1722; 1723; 1724 Creative Writing. 3 hours of lecture plus conferences. 3 credits. 

1822 Writing Fiction. 3 credits. 

1832 Writing Poetry. 3 credits. 

1895 Screenwriting. 3 credits. 

1931 Freshman Honors Seminar. 4 hours of lecture plus conferences. 4 credits.
Masterpieces of English literature: poetry, fiction, and drama; critical and analytic essays, with emphasis on revision. This course is open only to Distinguished Scholars, who substitute it for ENG 1100. 

2003; 2004; 2005 Survey of English Literature. 3 credits.
History of English literature and culture from the Middle Ages through the 20th century, focusing on major works in their contexts. First semester: from the earliest literature through Donne; second semester: from Milton through 1870; third semester: from the late Victorian period to the present.

2315 Chaucer. 3 credits.
Major works, with emphasis on The Canterbury Tales. 

2316 Kings, Knights, Maidens, and Mystics. 3 credits.
This course on medieval literature in English translation focuss on a different topic each semester, concentrating on such genres as Arthurian romance, epic, allegory, and drama. Topics include courtly love, chivalry, ecstatic mysticism and the end of the world, and women's lives.

2329; 2330 Shakespeare I; II. 3 credits.
Major comedies, tragedies, histories, and romances, in the context of Elizabethan theatrical and dramatic conventions. 

2346 Milton and Seventeenth-Century Literature. 3 credits.
Studies in the metaphysical lyric, the biblical epic, the neoclassical satire, the essay. Selections from Donne, Milton, Dryden, Bacon, and others. 

2400 The Romantic Vision. 3 credits.
An examination of characteristic, influential, and significant works by British authors including Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Keats, and a representative novelist. Focuses on the major interests, concerns, and attitudes of the Romantic period. 

2410 Eminent Victorians. 3 credits.
Major poets, essayists, and novelists including Dickens, Eliot, Browning, Tennyson, Ruskin, and the Pre-Raphaelites in relation to the social and intellectual milieu. 

2611; 2612 American Literature I; II. 3 credits.
Development of American literature; first semester: through 1870; second semester: since 1870. 

2861; 2862 Major Authors. 3 credits.
Works by a maximum of four major authors, usually English, American, or both. 

2910 American Autobiography. 3 credits.
Diverse forms of personal narratives in the United States from the 16th century to the present; emphasis on the changing needs that writing autobiography has served over this period, and the variety of forms that writers' life stories have taken. 

2911 Literature and Culture of the American City. 3 credits.
How writers have responded to intensifying urbanization in the United States, largely since the end of the 19th century, and the role of literature in defining a distinctly “urban” culture or consciousness during this period. Counts towards the minor in American Studies. 

2912 American Literature and Culture 1876-1918. 3 credits.
Examination of the dramatic cultural transitions—particularly those accompanying urbanization, industrialization and immigration—which shaped writing and society in the United States from the decade following the Civil War through the end of World War I. Counts toward the minor in American Studies. 

2913 American Literature and Culture 1919-41. 3 credits.
Examination of literature's response to cultural events between the two world wars, especially the rise of middle-class consumer culture and conservative social values during the 1920s and the crisis of confidence and effort to restore order during the Depression. Counts toward the minor in American Studies. 

2914 Vietnam War in Literature, History, and Film. 3 credits.
Students study the ways in which the Vietnam War has been recorded, interpreted, and remembered from the 1960’s through to the present.  They are encouraged to find connections between different academic disciplines:  English, history, and film studies. 

2915 Chicago/NY at the Turn of the Twentieth Century. 3 credits.
Chicago and New York — exemplars of the new “American city” — at the pivotal moment when urbanization was profoundly altering U.S. cultural life.  Focuses on the increasingly contested status of notions of “America” and “American” values and the place of that conflict in U.S. urban life, and on the role of literature in the development of a distinctly “urban” culture and consciousness. 

2916 Literature and Culture of Rural America. 3 credits.
Examination of the literature as well as film, music, art and material culture which deal with life on farms and in small towns across the United States since the 19th century, in its social historical context.  Probes the conflicts and tensions that surround "rural" ideals in an increasingly urban United States and the ways in which "rural America" has come to stand for national values. 

2940 Modernism. 3 credits.
Modernist texts in English focusing on fiction and poetry from 1900-1930.  An introduction to the intellectual and technological backgrounds of modernism and their relationship to modernist themes in the visual arts.  Enrichment through a museum visit and film.  Writers may include Conrad, Stein, Joyce, Lawrence, Pound, Eliot, Yeats, Hemingway, Faulkner, Fitzgerald, and Hurston. 

2961 Contemporary Literature. 3 credits.
Fiction, poetry, and/or drama by contemporary English and/or American authors.

3130 History of Film. 3 credits.
Early full-length narratives to contemporary classics; a critical approach to film through a study of key works by major directors. Films shown include those of Griffith, Eisenstein, Bergman, and Truffaut. 

3135 American Film and Society. 3 credits.
Considers the ways in which American films both model and reflect our vision of our society and ourselves. Includes an introduction to film production, form, and style. A minimum of ten films are viewed. Course content may vary. 

3136 Gender and Genre in American Film. 3 credits.
Images of women in American genre film from the 1930s to the present, including screwball comedy, hard-boiled detective, film noir, psychological suspense, and melodrama. 

3138 Fiction/Film: A Translation. 3 credits.
Translating the language of literature into the language of film. A study of 19th- and 20th- century literature in a contemporary visual context. Writers may include Austen, Dickens, Hardy, James, Wharton, and Forster. 

3189 Comedy and Satire. 3 credits.
Theories of and studies in comedy and satire, from their classical roots through the present. Authors covered may range from Aristophanes and Voltaire to Tom Stoppard. 

3208 The Art of Fiction. 3 credits.
How great writers of fiction shape their audiences' responses through traditional and experimental strategies. 

3218 Narrative Forms. 3 credits.
Changing techniques of narrative considered in relation to various literary forms as well as the writer's view of his or her task, using diverse texts from different ages. 

3315; 3316; 3317 The Development of the English Novel. 3 credits.
First semester traces the emergence of the novel as a literary form and provides an introduction to DeFoe, Richardson, Fielding, Sterne, Burney, and Austen; the novel of sentiment, the novel of sensibility, the gothic novel, and the novel of manners.  Second semester focuses on the English novel in the 19th century and may include work by the Brontes, Dickens, Eliot, Trollope, and novels of sensation by writers like Collins and Braddon.  Third semester treats 20th- century experiments in fiction.  Authors may include Conrad, Joyce, Lawrence, Woolf, Lessing, Byatt, Coetzee and Rushdie.

3341 Realism and Naturalism in the American Novel. 3 credits.
Authors may include Twain, Howells, James, Wharton, and Dreiser. 

3342 The American Novel Between the Wars. 3 credits.
Dominant themes and major experiments by authors such as Hemingway, Fitzgerald, and Faulkner. 

3376 Classic Modern Novels. 3 credits.
Intensive study of five landmark novels, some in translation, by authors who have explored new territory in modern fiction. 

3408 The Art of Drama. 3 credits.
Theatrical conventions and techniques to clarify how dramatists convey meaning and hold an audience; intensive examination of selected American, English, and Continental plays. 

3411 Tragedy. 3 credits.
Selected works from different periods and cultures. Emphasis on understanding the forms of tragic drama and the nature of the tragic vision of life. 

3461 Modern Drama from Ibsen to the Present. 3 credits.
European, British, and American dramatists such as Ibsen, Strindberg, Chekhov, Shaw, Pirandello, O'Neill, Beckett, and Ionesco. 

3731 Reading and Writing Poetry. 3 credits.
A participatory workshop in which students read and discuss poetry and critical essays on recently published poems.  Students write poetry developing their own poetic style and form.

3742 Modern Poetry. 3 credits.
Roots of such modern masters as Eliot, Pound, Frost, and Yeats, to poetry of the 21st century. 

4086 Literary Criticism and Theory. 3 credits.
How critical theory can help readers understand particular works, the nature of literature, and the process of interpretation. 

4201; 4202 Masterpieces of  World Literature. 3 credits.
Survey of literary, historical, and philosophical imagination. First semester: Greek, Roman, ancient Near Eastern and Middle Eastern literature; second semester: postclassical antiquity to the present. 

4261 Secrets of the South. 3 credits.
The literature of the American South after the Civil War; authors may include Mark Twain, Kate Chopin, William Faulkner, Flannery O’Connor and Richard Wright.  The enduring legacy of slavery and the Civil War is explored.  Readings are supplemented with films and historical materials. 

4270 Myth and Folklore: Relations to Literature. 3 credits.
The study of Classical and Norse mythology and the motifs of folklore; theories of myth and folklore. Analysis of representative works of world literature in which myth and folklore appear. 

4301 Continental Fiction. 3 credits.
Major novels and novellas from the 17th through the 20th centuries by writers in France, Germany, Russia, Spain, and Italy.  Authors include Voltaire, Goethe, Flaubert, Dostoyevski, Tostoy, Chekhov, and Mann. 

4401 Interdisciplinary or Multicultural Approaches to Literature. 3 credits.
Literature and another discipline such as philosophy, politics, social history, science, or the arts. May be repeated, since the subject matter varies from term to term. 

4411 Literature and Social Change. 3 credits.
Literary explorations with an historical or sociological slant. May focus on one of the following topics: literature and war, literature and revolution, literature of the underclass, the immigrant experience in America. 

4417 The Woman's Part: Women and Work. 3 credits.
The literature of the independent woman, one who has broadened her personal and/or social role and seeks acceptable ways to enter the workplace in order to earn a living, to contribute to society, or to explore a personal identity. Relevant historical and cultural issues. 

4419 Women’s Studies: Theory and Practice 3 creits.
This course introduces some of the issues and debates that characterize "Women's Studies." Women's Studies itself is an academic discipline that grew out of the 20th century women's movement. It draws on many different disciplines in the humanities and the sciences in its efforts to describe and understand women's lives.

4420 Women, Culture, and Society in the Modern World. 3 credits. (Same as HIS 4693.)
An interdisciplinary course examining the changing historical, cultural, and literary concepts of “women,” focusing on Europe and America in the 19th and 20th centuries.  Course utililizes a topical approach to explore women’s lives through important literary sources, historical documents, and scholarly materials. 

4421 Literature and Psychology. 3 credits.
Relations between systems of psychology, their cultural contexts, and literary works utilizing these systems. Readings from ancient times through Freud, Jung, and the psychopharmacologists. 

4431 Children's Literature and Literary Children. 3 credits.
A history of childhood and children's literature focusing on the Golden Age. Images of children in the 19th- and 20th-century British and American literature. 

4471 Literature and Art. 3 credits.
The phenomenon of style as reflected in literature and art, from classical Greece to the contemporary world. Historical periods under discussion vary at the instructor's discretion. 

4519 American Jewish Literature. 3 credits.
Literature written by Jews in the United States since 1900. Focuses on how these texts deal with the experiences of immigration and suburbanization, conflicts between tradition and modernity, and the legacy of the Holocaust. Authors include A. Cahan, A. Yezierska, M. Gold, I.B. Singer, P. Roth, B. Melamud, S. Bellow, C. Ozick, T. Olsen, and G. Paley. 

4551; 4552; 4553 Topics in Literature. 3 credits.
May be repeated, since the subject matter varies from term to term. 

4558 The Dream in Literature. 3 credits.
A survey of dream theories and works of literature that have been influenced by or concerned with dreams, from the ancient world to the present. 

4561 The Literature of Love. 3 credits.
The theme of romantic love and its mutations in English and European literature; a survey starting in the Middle Ages and ending with contemporary literature. 

4563 Women and Education in Britain, 1750-1920. 3 credits.
A look at the issues of women and education in 18th- and 19- century Britain. Focus on the interrelationship between debates about women’s nature and roles and fictional representation of women’s education (in all its guises). 

4566 Women and Literature. 3 credits.
Writings by and about women from 1800 to the present; novels, stories, poems, and nonfictional prose discussing changing attitudes toward women's roles in education, marriage, society, etc.; works by Jane Austen, George Eliot, Virginia Woolf, Doris Lessing, and contemporary writers. 

4568 Women Poets and Their Tradition. 3 credits.
The nature and development of British and American women poets.  The specific tradition of women’s poetry is addressed.  Major works from the Renaissance through the 20th century.

4571 Parents and Children. 3 credits.
The portrayal in literature of the splendors and miseries of having children; of generational conflict; of people's changing attitudes, first as young children, then as parents of children and as middle-aged children of aging parents. 

4572 Tales of Mothers and Daughters. 3 credits.
Reading the mother/daughter plot. Changing relationships between fictional mothers and daughters viewed in a family and/or community context. Authors may include Jane Austen, Charlotte Bronte, Mona Simpson, Margaret Atwood, Jane Smiley, and Fae Myenne Ng. 

4575 Female Adolescence in Fiction. 3 credits
Utilizes literature and historical and psychological documents to examine the attitudes of 19th- and 20th- century British and American cultures toward girls.  Examines how literature written about them reflects the problems, ideals, and values of the societies in which it originated.  Works by Eliot, Alcott, Plath, and Spark. 

4601 Introduction to Mass Communications. 3 credits.
Historical development of various media and the impact of mass communications on society; legal and ethical issues involving the media; survey of print and electronic media in regard to style and technique; contemporary trends in the mass media. Not open to students who have taken SPE 4700. 

4615 New Media: News Reporting. 3 credits.
Introduction to non-traditional careers in new media with emphasis on developing the skills needed for Internet and television news story development.  Students learn how to develop stories from research to writing and how to develop a website to support a news program. 

4626 Advertising Agency Skills: Copywriting. 3 credits.
Writing copy for various kinds of promotional materials. 

4653 Public Relations. 3 credits.
Fundamentals and techniques of public relations in both business and nonprofit organizations; practical project evaluation and experience. 

4660 Publishing: Book Editing. 3 credits.
A practical approach to the editor's role in the publishing process. Students gain experience in evaluating and editing manuscripts. 

4670 The Professional Critic: Reviewing. 3 credits.
Writing reviews of films, plays, restaurants, etc., for the broadcast and print media. 

4741 through 4749 Internships. 1-3 credits, depending on hours devoted.
Apprenticeships in the media and communications, under supervision, in recognized professional offices: graphic arts; editing; audiovisual media technology; photography; public relations; advertising; newspapers; magazines; radio programming and continuity; network and cable television; book publishing. A maximum of 3 internship credits may be applied to the major. Consult Form P18.1 for additional information.
Prerequisite: 6 credits in English Literature. 

4901, 4902 Independent Study.
See Academic Information and Policies section. 

4960 Senior Seminar. 3 credits.
Honing analytic, interpretative, and critical skills. Oral reports and seminar paper.
Prerequisite: senior status and a major in English, or permission of the instructor. 

4970 Senior Thesis. 3 hours. 1 credit.
A paper combining research and original scholarship. The paper normally stems from work done in ENG 4960.
Prerequisite: ENG 4960.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP (ENT) 

Minor: Sy Syms School
Five courses chosen from ENT 2210, 2250, 2251, 2255, 2410, 2415, 2508, 3780, 3786, 3790, 3796, 4930-32.

2210 Direct Marketing. 3 credits. (Same as MAR 2210.)
Selling directly to the consumer or business entity. Examines various aspects of direct marketing such as the use of catalogs, mail order, mailing list selection, TV, radio, print and telemarketing. Focuses on the management utilization of direct marketing strategy and implementation.
Prerequisite: MAR 1001. 

2250 Internet for Business. 3 credits. (Same as INF 2250)
Opportunities created by the rapidly expanding Internet are explored, with emphasis on commerce and industry. History and components, World Wide Web, gopher space, ftp, telenet, usenet, e-mail, search engines, web-page design, multimedia, browser, slip/ppp access, software, hardware and troubleshooting.
Prerequisite: INF 1020. 

2251 Advanced Internet for Business. 3 credits. (Same as INF 2251)
Building on material covered in Internet for Business I, this course gives students a more complete understanding of the strategic implications that the Internet has for business in the new Millennium.  Advanced HTML, techniques for improving web site design and effectiveness, sophisticated web development tools, maximizing the benefits of internal and external search engines, customer- integrated transaction-processing systems, domains and the hosting of web pages, intranets and extranets, on-line databases. Object-oriented approach to design and the convergence of emerging technologies for the Internet.
Prerequisite: ENT/INF 2250 

2255 E-Commerce: Internet Marketing. 3 credits. (Same as INF 2255; MAR 2255.)
The practical applications of e-commerce in the marketplace today, including both customer-to-business and intra-business interactions. Associated business models, security and firewalls protocols (authentication, encryption, SSL, X.509, LDAP), electronic payment protocols (SET, e-cash), collaboration/on-line catalogs, and the required network infrastructure (TCP/IP).
Prerequisite: INF 1020, MAR 1001.

2410 Sales of Management. 3 credits. (Same as MAR 2410)
A survey of sales management field and analysis of the sales force management. Organizing, staffing, and training a sales force; directing sales force operations; sales planning; and evaluating sales performance.
Prerequisite: MAR 1001.

2415 Retail Management. 3 credits. (Same as MAR 2415.)
Starting, developing, and growing a retailing organization, from both entrepreneurial and professional managerial perspectives. How retailing enhances the marketing mix, improves the effectiveness of the distribution network, and dynamically evolves in conjunction with environmental factors.
Prerequisite: MAR 1001. 

2508 Entrepreneurial Finance. 3 credits. (Same as FIN 2508.)
How entrepreneurs secure financing for their business ventures: sources of funding such as investors, venture capital, SBA loans, asset-based financing, lines of credit, creation of business plans, and loan proposals; developing cash flow projections; and the evaluation of loan requests by lender/investors.
Prerequisite: FIN 1001. 

3780 Principles of Entrepreneurship. 3 credits. (Same as MAN 3780.)
New venture initiation and development; the practical approach to developing and implementing procedures and techniques for starting an enterprise. Class discussions based on readings and case studies.
Prerequisite: MAN 1020. 

3786 New Venture Planning. 3 credits. (Same as MAN 3786.)
Use of the business plan, the critical element of entrepreneurship, as a guide to the successful operation of a business venture. Students learn the essential ingredients necessary for an effective plan, select and present an enterprise that they are personally interested in, and develop a persuasive written plan that can be used to attract financing, key employees, and mentors.
Prerequisite: MAN 1020. 

3790 Managing a Growing Business. 3 credits. (Same as MAN 3790)
Managing a growing business organization, including establishing a management team, satisfying investors, and building loyal customers.  Labor employment laws, merger and acquisition strategy, strategy for capital foundation and business conflicts and resolutions.  Emphasis on enhancing an ongoing growth business enterprise.
Prerequisite: MAN 1020 

3796 Franchising, Licensing and Distributorships. 3 credits.  (Same as MAN 3796)
Essential elements of franchising from the viewpoint of both franchiser and franchisee.  Explore the franchising opportunities and their planning and implementation.  Discussion of licensing and distributorship as viable business ventures.
Prerequisite: MAN 1020 

4930, 4931, 4932 3 credits. Seminar: Contemporary Problems in Business.  3 credits. (Same as MAN 4930, 4931, 4932.)
Today's business environment requires imaginative leadership to deal with the turbulent global marketplace.  Top corporate executives from leading multinational corporations present a general overview and discuss the corporate culture of their organizations, outline the competitive climate within their industries, and share their views of what ingredients are needed to survive in today's fast-changing economic environment.
Prerequisite: upper-class status or permission of Sy Syms Dean.

FINANCE (FIN) 

Major: Sy Syms School

Business Core ( 12 courses; 36 credits): ACC 1001, 1002; BLW 2021; ECO 1011, 1021, 1221; FIN 1001; INF 1020; MAN 1020; MAR 1001; STB 1131, 1456, FIN 1408, 2505 and one course chosen from 2409, 2521, 3510 and two chosen from 2508, 2511, 2943, 3011, 3015, 3020, 3301, 3603, 3891, 3932(15 credits); Business electives: MAN 2110 and three courses chosen from ACC, ENT, INF, MAN, MAR (12 credits). 

Minor: Sy Syms School
Five courses chosen from FIN 1408, 2409, 2505, 2508, 2511, 2521, 2943, 3011, 3015, 3020, 3301, 3510, 3851, 3603, 3851, 3932 (15 credits). 

1001 Principles of Finance. 3 credits.
An introductory survey of the fundamentals of financial management, financial analysis, and the securities markets. Provides a general understanding of financial institutions, terms and rights of stockholders and bondholders, and the corporate financial structure. Covers sources and uses of capital, debt versus equity, present value techniques, valuation, capital asset pricing, and capital budgeting. 

1408 Corporate Finance. 3 credits.
Introduction to the principles and techniques of corporate financial management; financial analysis, pro forma financial statement forecasting, firm value optimization and valuation models, capital structure, stock price valuation, bond pricing and returns, compounding and discounting, cash budgeting, working capital, risk and return, capital budgeting techniques, long- and short-term financing decisions, leverage, dividend policy, the cost of capital.  Problems and applications utilizing commercially available computer software.
Prerequisite: FIN 1001.

2409 Advanced Corporate Finance. 3 credits.
The corporate finance function and decision-making process. Specialized topics are examined and case presentations may be used. Evaluation of capital expenditure proposals, risk/return, diversification, capital structure, investment and financing decisions, capital markets, cash and credit management, mergers, acquisitions, LBOs, and global financial strategies.
Prerequisite: FIN 1408. 

2505 Investment Analysis. 3 credits.
Features and characteristics of available investment opportunities; fundamental principles for choosing sound investment vehicles to meet investor risk/return objectives. Stocks, bonds, warrants, convertibles, preferreds, municipal bonds, governments, options, and futures are defined and analyzed, utilizing fundamental technical and portfolio optimization techniques. Implementation of investment research using PC and mainframe databases and software.
Prerequisite: FIN 1001. 

2508 Entrepreneurial Finance. 3 credits. (Same as ENT 2508.)
How entrepreneurs secure financing for their business ventures: sources of funding such as investors, venture capital, SBA loans, asset-based financing, lines of credit, creation of business plans, and loan proposals, developing cash flow projections, and the evaluation of loan requests by lender/investors.
Prerequisite: FIN 1001. 

2511 Security Analysis. 3 credits.
The role and activities of the equity analyst. Cases and lectures are used to provide analytical skills and an appreciation of the usefulness and limitations of financial statements. Various approaches to equity valuation are considered.
Prerequisite: FIN 1408 or 2505. Pre- or corerequisite: ACC 1001, 1002. 

2521 Portfolio Management. 3 credits.
Theoretical analysis and practical applications of modern portfolio theory to individual and institutional portfolio management; optimal asset selection and allocation decisions, portfolio mix, and the evaluation of portfolio performance; Markowitz diversification, single and multi-index models, capital market theory, capital asset pricing, arbitrage pricing, fixed income securities, and options strategies. Implementation of portfolio optimization design using PC and mainframe databases and software.
Prerequisite: FIN 2505. 

2943 Principles of Real Estate. 3 credits.
Covers various types of real estate including apartments, office buildings, industrial parks, shopping centers, private homes, and undeveloped land. Examines property from the viewpoint of investor/owner, seller, broker, and lender. Various methods of financing real estate.
Prerequisite: ACC 1001, FIN 1001. 

3011 Principles of Insurance. 3 credits.
Discusses the basic principles of the field of insurance and risk management, including ethical, financial, social, economic, and political issues.  Students analyze institutional aspects of risk management, in order to allow the business or individual to minimize financial loss from unforeseen courses.
Prerequisite: FIN 1001.

3015 Global Insurance and Risk Management. 3 credits.
A comprehensive study of insurance and risk management in a global context.  Systematic examination of various environmental factors (economic, financial, political/legal, regulatory/tax, demographic/sociocultural, and physical/technological), and the patterns and degrees of change associated with each.  Course objective is to provide students with technical and managerial skills suitable for use in the rapidly changing global setting of insurance and risk management.  Major ethical, social, and political issues are examined.  Current events and trends are noted throughout; students follow the performance of a selected portfolio of global insurance stocks.
Prerequisite: FIN 1001.

3020 Financial and Estate Planning. 3 credits.
A comprehensive study of personal management from the individual consumer, family, and small-business points of view, with a life-cycle perspective.  Explores: 1) financial goals and objectives, budgets and other tools, money and money management, borrowing and debt management, tax planning, and housing; 2) personal risk management and insurance (life, health, property, and liability); 3) stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and other investments; and 4) retirement and estate planning.
Prerequisite: FIN 1001 or ECO 1001. 

3301 Historical Development of Modern Finance. 3 credits.
An examination of the historical development of financial institutions and markets from the Middle Ages to the present.  Specific focus will be on the contributions of key Jewish individuals and families such as Bernard Baruch, Alex Brown, Goldman Sachs, Lehman, Loeb, Rothschild, Schiff, and Warburg.
Prerequisite: FIN 1001 or ECO 1001. 

3510 Speculative Markets: Futures Markets and Options. 3 credits.
Comprehensive overview of commodities, financial futures, and options on futures. The market microstructure and its evolution, trading applications, and the use of technical and fundamental analysis; exchange operations.  Trading mechanics, hedging and speculation, price forecasting, testing and optimizing trading systems, performance spreading, and option pricing theory. Students implement a PC commodity market simulator.
Prerequisite: FIN 1408 or 2505. 

3603 International Finance. 3 credits.
Analysis of special topics in international finance, including international capital flows, theories of foreign exchange rate determinations, Eurocurrency and Eurobond markets, and integration of multinational markets.
Prerequisite: FIN 1001. 

3851 Financial Statement Analysis. 3 credits. (Same as ACC 3851.)
Designed primarily for non-Accounting majors. Methods of communicating information about financing and operating activities of corporations, and techniques for analyzing and evaluating that information.
Prerequisite: ACC 1002, FIN 1001. 

3932 Capital Markets and Financial Institutions. 3 credits.
Structure and evolution of financial institutions; role of financial markets in allocating funds and absorbing risk; relationships among markets; financial intermediation.
Prerequisite: ECO 1011, 1021; and ECO 1221 or FIN 1001. 

4970 Senior Research Paper. 1 hour. No credits.
An individualized approach to assisting each student in selecting a topic and designing and completing her senior research paper required for graduation. Students work one-on-one with a faculty member in their discipline.
Prerequisite: senior status.

FRENCH (FRE) 

Minor: Stern College
Eighteen (18) credits in FRE courses above 1101-1102. 

1101-1102 Elementary French. 3 credits.
Essentials of oral expression, listening comprehension, and basic reading and writing skills. 1101 is for students with no background. 1102 is for students with less than two years of high school French. 

1201, 1202 Intermediate French. 3 credits.
Intensive review of grammar; readings in literature; exercises in composition and conversation.
Prerequisite: two years of high school French or FRE 1102. Students with three years of high school French may enter 1202 with permission of the instructor. 

2101; 2102 Masterpieces of French Literature. 3 credits.
Great works of French prose, poetry, and drama of the various periods.
Prerequisite: four years of high school French or FRE 1202. 

2125; 2126; 2127; 2128 Survey of French Literature. 3 credits.
First semester: medieval period and Renaissance; second semester: 17th and 18th centuries; third semester: 19th century; fourth semester: 20th century. History of the literature of the periods and detailed study of representative works.
Prerequisite: four years of high school French or FRE 1202.