PROGRAMS OF STUDY AND COURSE DESCRIPTIONS
Courses A-C | Courses E-G | Courses H-J | Courses L-P | Courses R-Y

Accounting American Studies Architecture Art Bible
Biology Business Business Law Business & Management
Chemistry Classical Languages Computer Sciences
 

ACCOUNTING (ACC) 

CPA PROGRAM

Major: Sy Syms School
The Accounting major consists of 11 courses from the Business Core and 9 additional courses totaling 62 credits: ACC 1001, 1002; ECO 1011, 1021, 1221; FIN 1001; INF 1020; MAN 1020; MAR 1001; STB 1131, 1456 or 1601; and ACC 1101, 1102, 2403, 3201, 3601; TAX 2501, 2502; BLW 2111, 2112; and ACC 4970.

Minor: Sy Syms School
Five courses chosen from ACC 1101, 1102, 2403, 3201, 3601, 3851; TAX 2501, 2502.

1001 Accounting Principles I.  3 credits.
Introduction to financial accounting: the accounting cycle, statement preparation, accounting for cash and temporary investments, receivables, inventories, and long-lived assets.

1002 Accounting Principles II. 3 credits.
Accounting for current, and long-term liabilities, stockholders' equity, intercorporate investments, statement analysis, statement of cash flows.
Prerequisite: ACC 1001.

1101 Intermediate Accounting I. 3 credits.
Intensive study of the application of generally accepted accounting principles to selected assets: marketable securities, receivables, inventories, long-lived assets, and intangibles
Prerequisite: ACC 1002.

1102 Intermediate Accounting II. 3 credits.
Continuation of the study of balance sheet items: long-term liabilities, including leases, pensions, and stockholders' equity; income tax allocation and principles of income determination.
Prerequisite: ACC 1101.

2403 Management Accounting. 3 credits.
Techniques used for decision making for management and for financial reporting; product and service costing systems; overhead allocation; standard costs for control and analysis; cost-volume-profit analysis; short-term decision making; and performance evaluation.
Prerequisite: ACC 1002.

3201 Advanced Accounting. 3 credits.
Accounting for business combinations, foreign operations, segment reporting, and partnerships.
Prerequisites: ACC 1102 and 2403.

3601 Principles of Auditing. 4 credits.
Auditing procedures, the nature of evidence in the audit, evaluation of internal control systems, audit sampling, auditing computerized systems, code of professional conduct.
Prerequisites: ACC 1102 and 2403.

3851 Financial Statement Analysis. 3 credits. (Same as FIN 3851.)
Designed primarily for non-Accounting majors. Methods of communicating information about financing and operating activities of corporations, and techniques for analyzing and evaluating that information.
Prerequisite: ACC 1002, FIN 1001.

4970 Senior Research Paper. No credit.
An individualized approach to assisting each student in selecting a topic and designing and completing his senior research paper required for graduation. Students work one-on-one with a faculty member in their discipline.
Prerequisite: senior status.

AMERICAN STUDIES
The American Studies minor offers students the opportunity to examine culture and society in the United States from an interdisciplinary perspective. Students develop an awareness of specific patterns in U.S. history, literature, and politics while compiling a set of analytical skills for synthesizing the broad range of experiences that make up a “culture” or “civilization.”

Minor: Yeshiva College

Five courses: one American Literature & Culture core course (English 2911; 2912; 2913), one course in US history, and three additional courses dealing primarily with the United States, selected from the following disciplines: Art, Economics, English, History, Jewish History, Music, Political Science, Sociology, Speech & Drama.

ARCHITECTURE
Minor: see Art section.

ART

Minor in Studio Art: Yeshiva College
ART 1052A plus 12 additional Studio Art credits including at least one advanced course as determined by the department advisor in consultation with the individual student, and one 3-credit course in architectural history or art history. Department advisor: Ms. S. Golin.

Minor in Architecture: Yeshiva College
Art 1052A, 1631 and 1633, plus two courses from ART 1630, 1635, or 1639; either a third course in architectural history (from ART 1630, 1635, or 1639), ART 1632, an advanced course in studio art (from ART 2302, 2515, or 2702), or a course in a related field chosen in consultation with the department advisor.

1051A; 1052A History of Art. 2 credits.
Introduction to the history of art and architecture of the West. First semester: ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece, Rome; the early medieval world; the Romanesque and Gothic periods. Second semester: Renaissance through 19th century, with emphasis on style and expression in the work of selected artists.

1630 American Architecture. 3 credits.
Introductory course that compares buildings from various eras and cultures and examines their systems. Covers early colonial settlements to postmodern practices, resulting in a basis for an architectural vocabulary and a greater consciousness of the built environment in the United States.

1631, 1632 Architectural Design. 3 credits.
Introduction to design. Studio exercises in spatial perception and abstract visualization of form, and projects involving drawings and models. Concepts studied include principles of site planning, use of materials, and elementary architectural drafting techniques.

1633 The Language of Architecture. 3 credits.
Introduction to theories of architecture. Discussion of key texts in architecture, methods of perceiving the tactile and sensual qualities of built environments, and a survey of the history of architecture, with emphasis on the modern.

1635 Evolution of the Skyscraper. 3 credits.
The great buildings of New York City in the 19th to 21st centuries, and concepts and styles of urban design and civic planning within social and cultural contexts; field studies.

1639 The Architecture of the Synagogue. 3 credits.
The history of great synagogal architecture, with emphasis on the synagogues of New York City; field studies.

2201A Color and Design. 2 credits.
Elements and principles of visual expression such as line, space, color, and shape, with emphasis on compositional movement. Weekly projects. For beginning and intermediate students.

2202 Advanced Design. 3 credits.
Advanced exploration of 2-and 3-dimensional design principles. Course structure is similar to that of 2201.
Prerequisite: ART 2201.

2301A Principles of Drawing. 2 credits.
Introduction to the material, skills, and techniques of drawing. The nature and varieties of graphic techniques; drawing disciplines such as perspective, modeling, and foreshortening; exploration of the imaginative and expressive nature of drawing. Projects. For beginning and intermediate students.

2302 Advanced Drawing. 3 credits.
Advanced exploration of graphic techniques and the drawing discipline. Course structure is similar to that of 2301. This course may be repeated (to a total of four times) for credit.
Prerequisite: ART 2301.

2302A Drawing the Head. 2 credits.
Prerequisite: ART 2301A.

2511 Beginning Painting. 2 credits.

2513 Intermediate Painting. 2 credits.
Introductory problems in color, shape, and space relationships through studio projects with oil paint. Museum trips when possible.

2515, 2516 Advanced Painting. 3 credits.
Advanced projects in studio art. Covers technical, formal, and conceptual issues.

2701A, 2702A Sculpture I - Sculpture II. 2 credits.
Concepts of modern sculpture explored through specific hands-on projects involving carving, modeling, constructing, and assembly.

2711A Collage. 2 credits.

2901A Printmaking. 2 credits.

4901, 4902 Independent Study
Meet with the Yeshiva College Academic Dean.

4931 Art in New York. 3 credits.

BIBLE

Major: Isaac Breuer College
Thirteen (13) credits in Bible courses (beyond the 19 required of all students in IBC); comprehensive examination or BIB 4950.

Major: Yeshiva College
Jewish Studies majors may concentrate in Bible. See the description of the Jewish Studies major.

Minor: Isaac Breuer College
Seven (7) credits in Bible courses (beyond the 19 required of all students in IBC); qualifying examination or Bible 4950.

Instruction in Bible is offered at Isaac Breuer College, James Striar School, and Yeshiva College. At Yeshiva College, the sequence of courses is typically BIB 1015 followed by text courses from the Later Prophets and Hagiographa.

1015 or 1015H Introduction to the Bible. 2-3 credits.
Authorship and canonization; text transmission; Masoretic text; translations of the Bible; Bible in its ancient Near Eastern context; Jewish Biblical interpretation through the ages. Prerequisite for all other Bible courses.

1071 Biblical Midrashim. 2 credits.
Introduction to the Aggadah; literary study of authorship, style, and contents of the major Tannaitic Midrashim; emphasis on their use in Biblical exegesis.

1072 or 1072H Rabbinic Biblical Legal Exegesis. 3 credits.
The methods of legal exegesis of the midreshei halakhah and the Babylonian Talmud, with emphasis on the way in which rabbinic tradition dealt with the problem of providing legally meaningful interpretations of each stylistic nuance of the legal portions of the Pentateuch.

1083 or 1083H Early Jewish Biblical Interpretations. 3 credits.
A survey of the development of Jewish Biblical interpretation from its earliest representation in the late books of the Bible through its various manifestations during the Second Temple and rabbinic periods. Touches upon the major works as well as the significant methods and types of interpretation originating in these periods.

1085; 1086 Topics in Biblical Exegesis I; II. 2 credits.
Selected Pentateuchal texts, examined in light of classical and modern Jewish commentaries, with emphasis on literary and theological analysis. May be repeated for credit with variation of content.
Prerequisite BIB 1015A.

1096 Nahmanides on Pentateuch. 2 credits.
Analysis of the commentary of Moses Nahmanides (Ramban), his method and terminology, and similarities to—and differences from—other exegetes.
Prerequisite: BIB 1085A.

1159 Great Biblical Personalities. 3 credits.
In depth study of major personalities from the Bible and the Prophets.

1187 Man and Society. 3 credits.
Laws governing the society of man (Exodus 20-23, Leviticus 19, 20, 24, 25, Deuteronomy 12-25).

1188 Man and the Divine. 3 credits.
The laws of purity, sacrifice, the Sabbath, and Festivals.

1201, 1202 The Book of Genesis. 3-6 credits.

1213 or 1213H Genesis and Literature. 3 credits.
Topics in Genesis, including creation of man, original sin, Cain and Abel, and the Akeda, studied together with their literary afterlife, including Milton, Unamuno, Augustine, Kierkegaard and traditional Jewish exegesis and homiletics.

1305; 1306 The Book of Exodus 2-4 credits.
Translation and exposition of the text in accordance with standard commentaries; selected passages from Rashi and other commentators. For lower intermediate students.

1407; 1408 Leviticus. 3 credits.
Translation and exposition of the text in accordance with standard commentaries; selected passages from Rashi and other commentators.

1507; 1508 The Book of Numbers. 3 credits.
Translation and exposition of the text in accordance with standard commentaries; selected passages from Rashi and other commentators.

1609; 1610 The Book of Deuteronomy. 3 credits.
Intensive study using classical and modern commentaries. For advanced students.

2107 Early Prophets. 3 credits.
Selections from Joshua, Judges, Samuel, or Kings, with emphasis on historical context and analysis of literary technique and theological concepts.

2109; 2110 Early Prophets. 3 credits.
Selections from the Early Prophets, with classical commentaries; emphasis on historiographic study and the use of archeological findings. First semester: conquest of Canaan and early Judges; second semester: later Judges and the establishment of the Monarchy. For advanced students.

2118; 2119 Joshua/Judges. 3 credits.

2157; 2158 Samuel. 3 credits.

2359 Kings. 3 credits.

2500 through 2879 The Later Prophets. 2-3 credits.
Texts studied with classical and modern commentaries; literary and theological analysis.

2505 Isaiah.

2555 Jeremiah.

2605 Ezekiel.

2656 Amos and Hosea.

2658 Seven Minor Prophets.

2805 Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi.

3000 through 3999 Hagiographa
Texts of the Ketuvim studied with classical and modern commentaries; literary and theological analysis; historical context.

3209 Psalms. 3 credits.

3257 Proverbs. 2 credits.

3307 Job. 2 credits.

3409; 3410 Five Megillot. 2-3 credits.

3659 Ecclesiastes. 2 credits.

3807 Daniel. 3 credits.

3857 Ezra-Nehemiah. 3 credits.

3909 Chronicles. 2 credits.

4002 Biblical Narrative. 3 credits.
Readings in Biblical narratives, in light of classical medieval and modern commentaries and modern literary theories.

4021 Biblical Poetry. 2 credits.
Readings in Biblical poetry in light of classical medieval and modern commentaries and modern literary theories.

4136 Biblical Archeology. 2-3 credits.

4138 Bible and Ancient Near East. 2-3 credits.

4520 Targumim. 2 credits.
The Aramaic translations of the Pentateuch and their place in Biblical exegesis.

4901, 4902 Independent Study
Meet with the Yeshiva College Academic Dean.

4950 Bachelor's Thesis. 9 hours. 3 credits.
At Isaac Breuer College, independent work, under faculty guidance, in an area of Biblical study. An acceptable thesis will show diligent research in primary sources, scholarly organization, and clear exposition of material.
Prerequisite: Bible major or minor, and senior status.

BIOLOGY (BIO)

Major: Yeshiva College
BIO 1011, 1012 (Lecture and Laboratory) and 18 additional BIO credits, including four advanced laboratory courses (biochemistry may count toward these required biology credits); CHE 1045-1046 (Lecture and Laboratory); two courses chosen from MAT 1412, MAT 1413, STA 1021. Strongly recommended are organic chemistry and physics.

Minor: Yeshiva College
BIO 1011, 1012 (Lecture and Laboratory) and 10 additional BIO credits, at least 8 of which must be in advanced laboratory courses. Biochemistry may count toward a Biology minor.

1001R, 1002R Essentials of Biology--Lectures. 2 credits.
This course for non-majors provides an integrated approach to the study of biology. First semester: chemico-physical concepts, principles underlying living systems, cell structure elements, energetics, and tissue organization; second semester: human anatomy and physiology, human reproduction and the principles of genetics.
Corequisite: BIO 1001L, BIO 1002L

1001L, 1002L Essentials of Biology--Laboratory. 1 credit.
Laboratory work to accompany lectures.
Laboratory fee.
Corequisite: BIO 1001R, BIO 1002R

1011R, 1012R Principles of Biology--Lectures. 3 credits.
Introduction to the study of living organisms, including such areas as the structure and function of living things, ecology, role of plants in nature, energy cycles, reproduction, heredity, and evolution. The human organism, including normal and abnormal structure and function.
Corequisite: BIO 1011L, 1012L.

1011L, 1012L Principles of Biology—Laboratory. 4 hours, 2 credits.
Laboratory work to accompany lectures. Emphasizes scientific methods in biological research. Second semester emphasizes animal structure and function.
Laboratory fee: $70 per semester.
Corequisite: BIO 1011R-1012R.

1376R Biochemistry--Lectures. 3 credits.

1376L Biochemistry--Laboratory. 2 credits.

1405C Research Methods in Biology. 2 hours of lecture. 4 hours of lab. 4 credits.
Current techniques used in biomedical research. These may include radioisotope, bacteriological, somatic cell, genetic, biochemical, and molecular; use of scientific literature, preparation of research grant proposals, and presentation of experimental results; selected laboratory experiments and library research projects.
Laboratory fee: $80.
Prerequisite: BIO 1012, two additional biology laboratory courses, and permission of the instructor.

1405L; 1406L Research Methods in Biology. 4 hours. 2 credits.
Same as 1405C, but without lecture periods.
Laboratory fee: $80 per semester.

2206C Invertebrate Zoology. 2 hours of lecture. 4 hours of lab. 4 credits.
Survey of the invertebrate phyla (excluding protozoa), with emphasis on functional morphology, life cycles, physiology, and current research problems in invertebrates. Laboratory stresses functional morphology, utilizing living and preserved material.
Laboratory fee: $50.
Prerequisite: BIO 1012.

2255 Advanced Biophysics. 3 credits.

2320C Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates. 2 hours of lecture. 4 hours of lab. 4 credits.
The origins, similarities, and differences among vertebrate classes as well as their changing diversity through time. Emphasis on adaptations leading from the aquatic to the terrestrial life style as seen across this chordate subphylum.
Laboratory fee.
Prerequisite: BIO 1012.

2601C Developmental Biology. 2 hours of lecture. 4 hours of lab. 4 credits.
Events leading to and proceeding from the fertilization of invertebrate and vertebrate eggs; review of classical and modern experiments uncovering the processes leading to the formation of an integrated organism from a single cell, the zygote.
Laboratory fee.
Prerequisite: BIO 1012.

3038C Ecology. 2 hours of lecture. 4 hours of lab. 4 credits.
Classical ecological approaches in light of recent ecological discoveries. An interdisciplinary approach demonsting the relationships of geological, climatological, and evolutionary principles to ecology. Laboratory work and field trips accompany lectures.
Laboratory fee.
Prerequisite: BIO 1012.

3135C Cell Structure and Function. 2 hours of lecture. 4 hours of lab. 4 credits.
Structure, organization, and function of tissues; morphological and histochemical study of protoplasm; cell, tissue, and organ structure. Basic laboratory experience in interpretation of cell and organ structures based on light and electron microscopy and histochemistry. Histological techniques.
Laboratory fee.
Prerequisites: BIO 1012 and CHE 1046.

3207C Cell Biology. 2 hours of lecture. 4 hours of lab. 4 credits.
Basic architecture of cells, organelles, and components; dynamics of growth, nutrition, cell cycle, metabolism, and metabolic regulation; specialized cell functions. Laboratory accompanies lectures.
Laboratory fee.
Prerequisites: BIO 1012 and CHE 1046.

3230C or 3230H Immunology. 2 hours of lecture. 4 hours of lab. 4 credits.
Basic principles, theories, and current problems in immunology. Emphasis on antigens, haptenes, antibodies, antibody specificity, antibody-antigen reactions, and immediate and delayed hypersensitivity, as well as transplant and autoimmune phenomena. The honors version focuses in depth on AIDS and society.
Laboratory fee.
Prerequisites: CHE 1214, and BIO 3207 or 4023R&L and one other intermediate BIO course or permission of the instructor.

3513C Introductory Genetics. 2 hours of lecture. 4 hours of lab. 4 credits.
Laws of heredity and variation; theory of the gene and gene action; experiments with Drosophila, Neurospora, and bacteriophage. Laboratory accompanies lectures.
Laboratory fee.
Prerequisite: BIO 1012.

3521C Molecular Biology. 2 hours of lecture. 4 hours of lab. 4 credits.
Recombinant DNA techniques and applications. Special attention to recently published journal articles. Laboratory accompanies lectures.
Laboratory fee. Prerequisite: BIO 1012.

3614R Advanced Genetics—Lectures. 2 credits.
Mechanisms of sexual recombination; nature of genetic material; the gene as a molecule; gene activity, replication, transcription, translation, protein synthesis; regulation of gene activity.
Prerequisite: BIO 3513C or permission of the instructor.

3614L Advanced Genetics—Laboratory. 4 hours. 2 credits.
Techniques of molecular biology; microbial and viral genetics.
Laboratory fee.
Prerequisite or corequisite: BIO 3614R.

3679 Evolution. 2 credits.
Darwinism in historical perspective; the central role of the original theory and its modern version in contemporary biology; the concept's impact on our culture.

3728C Animal Physiology. 2 hours of lecture. 4 hours of lab. 4 credits.
Physiochemical principles involved in life processes. Lecture and laboratory illustrate these principles in the physiological systems of vertebrates.
Laboratory fee.
Prerequisite: BIO 1012.

3801R Endocrinology—Lectures. 2 credits.
Structure and function of endocrine glands, including the nature of hormones and molecular modes of action.
Prerequisite: BIO 1012.

3801L Endocrinology—Laboratory. 4 hours. 2 credits.
Experiments using modern techniques of endocrinological research, including surgery, isotope techniques, and growth studies.
Laboratory fee.
Prerequisite or corequisite: BIO 3801R.

3830C Introduction to Neurobiology. 2 hours of lecture. 4 hours of lab. 4 credits.
Nerve cells and their organization into complex nervous systems; major concepts in neurobiology, including impulse conduction, synaptic transmission, sensory processing, motor function, and memory.
Prerequisite: BIO 1012.

3830R Introduction to Neurobiology—Lectures. 2 credits.

4023R Microbiology—Lectures. 2 credits.
Structure, development, identification, control, and use of micro-organisms.
Prerequisite: BIO 1012 and CHE 1045-1046. Recommended: CHE 1213, 1214.

4023L Microbiology—Laboratory. 4 hours. 2 credits.
Analytical laboratory procedures and experimental methods of research. Emphasis on interaction of micro-organisms with the environment and hereditary transmission of genetic material.
Corequisite: BIO 4023R.

4901, 4902 Independent Study
Meet with the Yeshiva College Academic Dean.
Laboratory fee on an individual basis.

4930; 4931 Current Topics in Biology. 2 credits.
In this seminar, students make presentations on selected subjects from current developments in the fields of microbiology, endocrinology, animal behavior, embryology, ecology, and environmental studies.
Prerequisites: BIO 1012 (R&L) and permission of the instructor.

4935 or 4935H Science, Society and Ethics. 3 credits.

4934 Biological Aspects of Bioethics. 2 credits.
Physiological, ecological, and epidemiological bases of decision making in the field of bioethics; definition of death; DNA recombinant research; pesticide use; demographic concerns; abortion; hazardous surgery; human experimentation; organ transplants; social obligation of the scientist; eugenics and euthanasia.
Prerequisites: BIO 1012 and two additional BIO courses.

4937C or 4937H Advanced Biotechnology. 6 hours. 3 credits.
Intensive research laboratory experience in current molecular biology techniques.
Laboratory fee.
Prerequisite: permission of the instructor.

BUSINESS (BUS)

4741 through 4743 Business Internship (1-3 credits depending on hours devoted)
Supervised work experience that permits students to apply classroom knowledge. Work assignments must be meaningful and must be approved prior to commencing internship. Student’s supervisor is required to submit a final evaluation report upon completion of internship. A maximum of 3 internship credits may be applied to the major; 100 hours of internship is equivalent to 1 credit.
Prerequisite: junior standing in Sy Syms School.

BUSINESS LAW (BLW)

2021 Legal and Ethical Environment of Business. 3 credits.
Substantive law and practical issues as they relate to business; ethics of business and Halakhah as they interface with the law and practical business decisions.

2111 Business Law I. 3 credits.
Introduction to the legal process; contracts, personal property, bailments, sales, commercial property.

2112 Business Law II. 3 credits.
Agency, partnerships, corporations, trusts, estates, credit, secured transactions, bankruptcy.
Prerequisite: BLW 2111.

BUSINESS & MANAGEMENT

Majors and Minors: Sy Syms School
Students majoring or minoring in Business & Management may select one of four concentrations: Finance, Management, Information Systems, or Marketing. The Business Core is required for each major concentration.

Business Core (12 courses; 36 credits):
ACC 1001, 1002; BLW 2021; ECO 1011, 1021, 1221; FIN 1001; INF 1020; MAN 1020; MAR 1001; STB 1131, 1456 or1601.

Minor: Yeshiva College
Eighteen (18) credits chosen from ACC 1001, 1002; FIN 1001; INF 1020; MAN 1020; MAR 1001; and two Business electives.

CHEMISTRY (CHE)

Major: Yeshiva College
CHE 1045-1046 (Lecture and Laboratory); CHE 1122 ; CHE 1213, 1214 (Lecture and Laboratory); CHE 1415, 1416; CHE 1937 or 1938; MAT 1412, 1413; PHY 1031, 1032 or 1041, 1042 (Lecture and Laboratory); and one additional CHE  course.

Minor: Yeshiva College
CHE 1045, 1046 (Lecture and Laboratory); CHE 1122 or 1415; CHE 1213, 1214 (Lecture and Laboratory); and one additional CHE course.

1023R Science of Chemistry: Everyday Life —Lectures. 2 credits.

1023L Science of Chemistry: Everyday Life —Laboratory. 1 credit.

1024R Science of Chemistry: Global Issues —Lectures. 2 credits.

1024L Science of Chemistry: Global Issues —Laboratory. 1 credit.

1025C or 1025H Man and the Environment. 3 credits.
For non-science majors. Introduction to the basic chemical principles that apply to the science and technology of the environment. Understanding of familiar everyday occurrences in the world based on fundamental concepts developed over centuries by straightforward observation and experimentation. Laboratory exposes students to chemical methods commonly used to analyze components in air, water, and soil; effects of components; and methods used in the removal of components considered pollutants. Not open to students who have had some college chemistry.

1045R, 1046R General Chemistry—Lectures. 4 hours. 3 credits.
Atomic structure and stoichiometry; properties of gases, liquids and solids; thermochemistry; introduction to the quantum concept; electronic structure of atoms; the periodic table and periodic properties; chemical bonding; Lewis structure, VSEPR theory, and introduction to MO theory; properties of solutions; thermodynamics; chemical equilibria including acid-base and solubility; chemical kinetics; nuclear chemistry; electrochemistry; chemistry of the environment. One of the lecture periods is a recitation.
Corequisite: CHE 1045L, 1046L.

1045L, 1046L General Chemistry—Laboratory. 5 hours. 2 credits.
Laboratory experiments are designed and scheduled to complement lecture topics, and enhance students’ understanding of the principles introduced. Emphasis on quantitative techniques. Second semester includes semimicro qualitative analysis.
Laboratory fee: $40 per semester.
Corequisite: CHE 1045R, 1046R.

1045H, 1046H Honors General Chemistry in Context. 4 hours of lecture. 5 hours of lab. 5 credits.
In-depth contextual honors version of 1045RL, 1046RL.

1122C Chemical Analysis. 2 hours of lecture. 5 hours of lab. 4 credits.
Principles and practice in qualitative and quantitative analysis of chemical substances. Techniques include potentiometry, electrogravimetry, and gas and high-performance liquid chromatography. UV-VIS, FT-IR, and NMR spectroscopy are applied to the chemical analysis of compounds in biological systems.
Laboratory fee: $50 per semester.
Prerequisite: CHE 1046R&L.

1213R, 1214R Organic Chemistry—Lectures. 4 hours. 3 credits.
The structure, synthesis, properties, and reaction mechanisms of the main classes of organic compounds, including compounds of biological importance.
Prerequisite: CHE 1045-1046R&L. Corequisite: CHE 1213L, 1214L.

1213L, 1214L Organic Chemistry—Laboratory. 1 hour of lecture. 4 hours of lab. 2 credits.
Emphasizes the acquisition of basic techniques in separation, purification, identification, and preparation of organic compounds.
Laboratory fee: $60 per semester.
Corequisite: CHE 1213R, 1214R.

1233C Synthesis and Characterization of Organic and Inorganic Compounds. 1 hour of lecture. 5 hours of lab. 3 credits.
Advanced preparative techniques; purification and characterization by physical and chemical methods including NMR spectrometry, UV-VIS and FTIR spectrophotometry, gas and high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry.
Laboratory fee: $75. 
Prerequisite: CHE 1214.

1376R, 1377R Biochemistry—Lectures. 3 credits.
Structure and function of biological molecules, enzyme kinetics, bioenergetics, metabolism, storage and transmission of genetic information, recombinant DNA technology, and selected topics such as membrane transport, hormone action, and muscle contraction.
Prerequisite: CHE 1214 or permission of the instructor.

1377L Biochemistry—Laboratory. 4 hours. 2 credits.
Illustration of the properties of biochemical substances; design and analysis of experiments; techniques include chromatography, electrophoresis, differential centrifugation, and various types of enzyme assays, including spectrophotometric and radioactive.
Laboratory fee: $65.
Prerequisite or corequisite: CHE 1376R.

1379 Pharmaceutical Chemistry. 3 credits.
Chemistry and pharmacology of drugs and medicinal agents; drug metabolism pathways; receptor site theories; structure-activity correlation.
Prerequisite: CHE 1214.

1415R,1416R Physical Chemistry—Lectures. 3 credits.
First semester: thermodynamics, chemical equilibrium, solutions, electrochemistry. Applications to biological and biochemical problems are used to illustrate general principles. Second semester: quantum chemistry; the Schrodinger equation and some simple applications; extension to 3-dimensional systems; H-atom; many electron atoms; structure of molecules; introduction to computational methods (molecular mechanics, ab initio methods); molecular spectroscopy; statistical mechanics; kinetic theory; chemical kinetics.
Prerequisites: CHE 1046C and MAT 1413 (or higher).
Prerequisite or corequisite: PHY 1041-1042 or 1031-1032.

1415L Physical Chemistry—Laboratory. 1 hour of lecture. 5 hours of lab. 3 credits.
Measurements and computations. Experiments illustrate theoretical principles and provide basic experience with quantitative physical measurements, including thermochemistry, chemical equilibria, kinetics, electrochemistry, spectrophotometry, and computer interfacing. Applications to biochemical systems.
Laboratory fee: $40.
Corequisite: CHE 1415R.

1607 Inorganic and Structural Chemistry. 3 credits.
Chemical structure and bonding, ligand field theory and crystal field theory, coordination compounds, organometallic chemistry, reaction mechanisms, synthesis. 
Prerequisites: CHE 1046 and MAT 1413.

1611 or 1611H Molecular Structure and Dynamics. 3 credits.
Computational tools used to study the 3-dimensional shapes of molecules, and how these 3-dimensional shapes relate to observed properties. Readings and hands-on projects.

1930 Selected Topics. 2 credits.
Seminar in current problems and literature in chemistry, for seniors majoring in chemistry and selected juniors. Assigned topics, regular conferences, and a report.
Prerequisite: permission of the instructor.

1937, 1938 Seminar in Advanced Chemistry. 1 credit.
Seminar meeting two hours every two weeks. Topics in all fields of chemistry.
Prerequisite or corequisite: CHE 1213 or permission of the instructor.

4901, 4902 Independent Study.
Meet with the Yeshiva College Academic Dean.
Laboratory fee on an individual basis.

CLASSICAL LANGUAGES (CLA)

Major: Yeshiva College
Latin, two years (not including 1101-1102); Greek, two years; also such additional courses, not exceeding 15 credits, as may be prescribed by the department advisor for the individual student. Department advisor: Dr. L. Feldman.

Minor: Yeshiva College
Eighteen (18) credits in Latin or 18 credits in Greek or 24 credits in Latin and Greek.

4405H Ancient Jewish and Pagan Intellectuals on the Bible. 3 credits.
How Jewish intellectuals, notably Philo and Josephus, who were well-versed in Greek literature and philosophy, viewed pagans in general, how they dealt with pagan concepts, and how they viewed the possibility of synthesizing pagan ideas with Judaism.

Greek (GRE)

1101-1102 Elementary Greek. 3 credits.
Emphasis on understanding Greek literature in the original, with grammar employed only as a means to that end. First semester: systematic survey of the language and reading of simple sentences taken from Greek literature; second semester: continuation of the language survey, with reading of Plato's Apology and Crito.

1231; 1232 Homer and Drama. 3 credits.
First semester: selections from Homer's Iliad or Odyssey; second semester: one play of Aeschylus and one of Sophocles.
Prerequisite: GRE 1101-1102 or equivalent.

1373 or 1373H Greek Myths and Their Influence. 3 credits.
Introductory survey course. Examines the major Greek myths pertaining to creation, the flood, Prometheus, the Olympian gods and goddesses (notably Athena, Aphrodite, Apollo, Hermes, Dionysus, and Demeter), and the major heroes (notably Heracles and Odysseus). Covers their origins; the cults and festivals connected with them; the light cast upon them by archaeology; the ties linking the myths to one another; and their versions in Homer, Hesiod, the Greek tragedies, and Ovid's Metamorphoses; as well as their modern adaptations in literature. No knowledge of Greek is required.

2201; 2202; 2203; 2204 Advanced Greek. 3 credits.
Content, from among the following, varies with needs and interests of class: Hesiod's Theogony and Works and Day; elegiac, iambic, and lyric poetry (Callinus, Tyrtaeus, Mimnermus, Solon, Xenophanes, Archilochus, Alcaeus, Sappho, Anacreon, Simonides); Pinar's odes; Aristophanes' comedies; Horodotus's History of the Persian War; Thucydides' Peloponnesian War; Lysias's orations; Demosthenes' orations; Plato's Republic; and Aristostle's Nicomachean Ethics. May be taken for two or more successive years.
Prerequisite: GRE 1231; 1232 or equivalent.

Latin (LAT)

1101-1102 Elementary Latin. 3 credits.
First semester: systematic survey of the language and reading of simple sentences taken from Latin literature; second semester: continuation of the language survey, readings from Nepos, Cicero, Catullus, Horace, Pliny the Younger, Martial, Phaedrus, and in medieval Latin.

1231;1232 Intermediate Latin. 3 credits.
First semester: readings from Cicero's greatest speeches, philosophical works, and letters; various other famous writers, such as the historians Sallust, Livy, Tacitus, and Ammianus Marcellinus; Pliny the Younger's letters; the biographers Nepos and Suetonius; Cato the Elder on agriculture; Celsus on medicine; Seneca's philosophical works; Petronius's satire; Apuleius's Metamorphoses; inscriptions; and Ovid's account of mythology. Second semester: selections from the Aeneid, with emphasis on its poetic qualities and on Virgil's status and influence.
Prerequisite: two years of high school Latin or LAT 1101-1102.

2201; 2202; 2203; 2204 Advanced Latin. 3 credits.
Content, chosen from among the following, varies with the needs and interests of the class: Plautus's and Terence's comedies, Cicero's philosophical works, Lucretius's On the Nature of Things, Catullus's poems, Livy's history of Rome, Ovid's Metamorphoses, Seneca's philosophical works, Martial's epigrams, Petronius's Satyricon, Juvenal's satires, Tacitus's historical works, Suetonius's biographies of the Roman emperors. May be taken for two or more successive years.
Prerequisite: LAT 1231; 1232 or equivalent.

4901; 4902 Independent Study
Meet with the Yeshiva College Academic Dean.

COMPUTER SCIENCES (COM)

Major: Yeshiva College
COM 1300, 1320, 1504, 1621, 2113, 2545, 3610, 3640, and 6 credits in advanced electives (AE) chosen with the approval of the discipline advisor; MAT 1412, 1413, 2105. Recommended: PHY 1041-1042R&L, 1724. Note also the Computer Track of the Mathematics major.

Minor: Yeshiva College
COM 1300, 1320, 1504, 2545, and 3 additional credits in COM electives approved by the discipline advisor; MAT 1412, 1413.

COM 2545 is a prerequisite for AE (advanced elective)

1107C Computers, Change, and Chance. 2 hours of lecture. 3 hours of lab. 3 credits.
Satisfies the quantitative skills requirement of Yeshiva College. The elements of computer programming, with application to topics such as population growth and random behavior.

1115C Introduction to Computer Applications and Programming. 3 hours of lecture. 2 hours of laboratory. 3 credits.
Windows operating system, basic concepts, and techniques of an office productivity suite; Microsoft OFFICE Professional; fundamentals of problem solving using computers; Visual Basic for Applications as a basis for extending and customizing the basic applications; extending Workgroup computing to the Internet.

1300 Introduction to Computer Science and Programming. 3 hours of lecture. 2 hours of lab. 4 credits.
Components of a computer system; machine, assembly, and high-level languages; numerical systems and coding; representation of data and instructions; data types, constants, variables; arithmetic expressions; logical expressions; assignment statement; sequencing, alteration, and iteration; arrays, subprograms, and parameters; simple I/O; techniques of problem solving; flowcharting; stepwise refinement; simple numerical examples; basic search and sort algorithms. Principles of good programming style, expression, and documentation; control flow; invariant relation of a loop; stepwise refinement of statements and data structures or top-down programming.

1320 Data Structures. 3 hours of lecture. 2 hours of lab. 4 credits.
String processing, concatenation, substrings, matching, internal searching and sorting, recursion, linked lists and linear allocation (stacks, queues, deques). Elementary data structures, file structures and algorithms, searching and sorting, trees and algorithms for their manipulation, notions of algorithm complexity, memory and data management systems.
Prerequisite: COM 1300, Corequisite: COM 1504.

1504 Discrete Structures. 3 hours of lecture. 2 hours of lab. 4 credits.
Topics from the foundations of computer science: lists, sets, functions and relations; combinatorics and probability; trees and tree transversals; graph theory and algorithms; Boolean algebra and logic; gates and circuits.

1621 Theory of Computation. 3 credits.
Deterministic and nondeterministic finite state automata; regular grammars and regular expressions; equivalence of regular expressions and finite automata; pumping lemma for regular languages; context-free grammars; languages generated by context-free grammars; parse trees and ambiguity; Chomsky normal form; push-down automata; equivalence of context-free grammars and push-down automata; pumping lemma for context-free languages; Turing machines; Universal Turing machine; Halting problem; solvable and unsolvable problems about automata and languages; Introduction to complexity theory; NP-complete problems.
Prerequisite: COM 1504.

2113 Computer Organization and Assembly Language. 3 hours of lecture. 2 hours of lab. 4 credits.
Basic logic functions. Synthesis of more complex combinational circuits. Electronic implementation of these functions. Simple synchronous circuits. Major components of a computer. Machine and assembly language instruction set. Implementation of the instruction set electronic circuits. Circuits needed to perform arithmetic operations. Memory and I/O implementation.
Prerequisite: COM 1300. 

2146C Minicomputer and Microcomputer Systems. 1 hour of lecture. 3 hours of lab. 3 credits.
Real-time programming on a dedicated computer. Microprocessors, data communication protocol, packet switching.
Laboratory fee: $50. 
Prerequisite: COM 2113 or permission of the instructor.

2512. Networking and Communication. 3 credits. AE
Fundamentals of networking and communications; network concepts, hardware, software and programming. Data communications, wide and local area networks; communications architecture and protocols; network programming in C/C++ and JAVA.
Prerequisite: COM 2545

2545 Algorithms. 3 hours of lecture. 2 hours of lab. 4 credits.
Sorts (Insertion sort, merge sort, heapsort and quicksort); Growth of functions and recurrences; Hash tables; Binary Search Trees and Red-Black Trees; Huffman codes; Graph algorithms including Minmum Spanning Trees and Shortest Path problems; Cryptography, String Matching and Computational Geometry.
Prerequisites: COM 1320.

3511 Algorithmic Processes. 3 credits. AE
Design of algorithms and applications of data structure permutations, polynomials, derivations, matrices, sorting, discrete simulation; list-marking, garbage collection, analysis of algorithms; space and time efficiency; comparison of sorting techniques; discrete Fourier Transform; pattern matching; computational models, Turing machines, complex hierarchies.
Prerequisite: COM 2545

3563 Data-Base Systems. 3 credits. AE
Goals of DBMS, including data independence, relationships, logical and physical organization, schema and subschema; hierarchical, network, and relational modes; examples of implementation of various models; first, second, and third normal forms of data relations; canonical schema; data independence; data description languages: forms, applications, examples, design strategies; query facilities: relational algebra, calculus, data structures for establishing relations; query functions; file organization; index organization; file security; data integrity and reliability.
Laboratory fee: $50.
Prerequisite: COM 2545.

3610 Introduction to Operating Systems and Computer Architecture. 3 credits.
Review of instruction sets. I/O and interrupts, addressing schemes, microprogramming; dynamic procedure activation; dynamic storage allocation; design methodology, monitors, kernels, networks of operating system modules; elementary queuing; memory management: virtual memory, paging, segmentation; memory protection; multiprogramming.
Laboratory fee: $50.
Prerequisites: COM 2113; 1320. 

3640 Programming Languages. 3 credits.
Formal language concepts, including basic characteristics of syntax and grammars; regular, context-free, and ambiguous grammars; constructs for specifying and manipulating data types; language features affecting static and dynamic storage management; control structures and data flow; subroutines, procedures, block structures, interrupts, decision tables, recursion; relationship with good programming style; run-time considerations; interpretative languages, lexical analysis and parsing.
Prerequisites: COM 1320, 1621

3645 Compiler Theory. 3 credits. AE
Grammars, languages, and their syntax and semantics; parsing and ambiguity; scanners; implementation of symbol tables; parsers; major parsing algorithms; techniques for machine-independent code generation; code optimization; syntax-directed translation schema.
Prerequisite: COM 2545

3760 Artificial Intelligence. 3 credits. AE
Heuristic vs. algorithmic methods, cognitive processes, investigation of methods of making machines behave intelligently, problem solving, theorem probing, game playing, pattern recognition, question answering, learning self-organization, methods of programming such procedures, data structures and program organization, the mind-brain problem; and the nature of intelligence.
Prerequisite: COM 2545

3764 Expert Systems. 3 credits. AE
Introduction to expert systems; components of an ideal expert system: knowledge base, rules, interpreter; secondary components: justifier, scheduler, consistency enforcer, blackboard; search space size, exhaustive search, single line of reasoning, hierarchical, generate, and test; combining evidence from multiple sources; utilizing metaknowledge; metarules and their source; detecting simple errors in rules; justification of rules; expert system tools: EMYCIN, OPS5, HEARSAY—III.
Prerequisite: COM 2545

3772 Computer Graphics. 3 credits. AE
Software, hardware, and mathematical tools for the representation, manipulation, and display of topological and 2- and 3-dimensional objects; display devices; problems and objectives of computer graphics; point, vector, curve, and character generation; interactive vs. passive graphics; graphics data structures, graphics packages and graphics languages; 2-dimensional graphics: generation, transformation, window clipping, segmented display files and display procedures; interactive graphics: input devices, input techniques, event handling, and input functions; raster graphics fundamentals; 3-dimensional graphics: hidden-line problems, windowing, transformations, perspective projections, and shading.
Prerequisites: COM 2545 , MAT 1412, MAT 2105

3905; 3906; 3907; 3908; 3909 Individual and Group Projects. 1-3 credits per semester.
Faculty and students choose from among a number of term projects.
Laboratory fee: $50 per semester.
Prerequisite: 21 credits in COM courses or senior status.

4541 Numerical Analysis. 3 credits. AE
Arithmetic and precision; finite difference calculus; interpolation; approximation: numerical integration and differentiation; solution of nonlinear equations, differential equations; linear systems of equations; iterative methods; computation of eigenvalues and eigenvectors.
Prerequisite: MAT 1413; COM 2545.

4901, 4902 Independent Study.
Meet with the Yeshiva College Academic Dean.